XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a human-readable format for sharing structured data. It shares a common ancestor (SGML) with HTML - the code used to create a web page. Unlike HTML, XML has strict rules governing documents and software can reject an XML document if it does not conform to those rules.
A powerful feature of XML is its extensibility. Authors can specify DTDs (Document Type Definitions) or XML Schemas that provide meta-data restricting a document's content and format. XML schemas can be combined so that a schema for describing a wine can be used with a schema describing an auction to define documents that describe wine auctions.
XML can be manipulated and queried using technologies like XML Style Sheets, XPath and XQuery, so the wine auction document above could provide input to auction software and display an attractive web page for a human reader just by applying different transformations and styles.
Blog posts about XML are often how-to articles or reviews of XML related software package.
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